VATICAN
CITY, JAN. 21, 2001 (ZENIT.org).-
John Paul II named
37 new cardinals today, including 10 from Latin America and
three from the United States.
Among the new cardinals, 11 are
close collaborators of the Pontiff in the Roman Curia, and
21 are archbishops of prominent dioceses, including New York and
Washington, D.C. The new cardinals will be created at a
consistory Feb. 21, the eighth of John Paul II’s pontificate.
With the new nominations, John Paul II has now appointed
all but 10 of the cardinals eligible to vote in
a secret conclave to elect a pope, the Associated Press
said.
He also exceeded the limit of 120 voting-age cardinals fixed
by Paul VI. In an eventual conclave, 128 cardinals will
elect a new Pontiff.
The Holy Father elevated five bishops and
priests who are older than 80, and, hence, not eligible
to vote for a pope. He made the gesture to
express gratitude for lives offered in service of the Church.
For the first time, the Pope has named 10 cardinals
from countries evangelized by the Iberian peninsula; today, virtually half
the world’s Catholic population is in Latin America.
The list
includes Argentine Archbishop Jorge María Mejía, archivist and librarian of
the Holy Roman Church, and Archbishop Jorge Mario Bergoglio of
Buenos Aires; Brazilian Archbishops Geraldo Majella Agnelo of São Salvador
da Bahia and Claudio Hummes of São Paulo; Ecuadorean archbishop
Antonio José González Zumárraga of Quito; Colombian Archbishop Pedro Rubiano
Saenz of Bogota; Chilean Archbishop Francisco Javier Errázuriz Ossa of
Santiago; Honduran Archbishop Oscar Andrés Rodríguez Maradiaga of Tegucigalpa; Venezuelan
Archbishop Ignacio Antonio Velasco Garcia of Caracas; and Peruvian Archbishop
Juan Luis Cipriani Thorne of Lima.
In addition, the Pope
named one cardinal from Spain, Archbishop Francisco Alvarez Martinez of
Toledo, primate of the country; two from Portugal: Patriarch José
da Cruz Policarpo of Lisbon, and Archbishop José Saraiva Martins,
prefect of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints.
John
Paul II also named three cardinals from the United States.
Two of them were anticipated: Archbishops Theodore E. McCarrick of
Washington, D.C., and Edward Michael Egan of New York. The
Pontiff also raised Jesuit Father Avery Dulles, professor at New
York’s Fordham University, to the dignity of cardinal, in recognition
of his long and fruitful theological career.
Archbishop Egan, 68, took
over the New York Archdiocese in June, a month after
his predecessor, Cardinal John O’Connor, died. It has become traditional
for New York’s archbishop to be elevated to cardinal. Father
Dulles, the son of John Foster Dulles, U.S. secretary of
state during the Cold War years, is 82, too old
to vote for a pope.
Catholic geography is also represented in
the College of Cardinals by Archbishops Ivan Dias of Bombay,
India; Desmond Connell of Dublin, Ireland; Audrys Jouzas Backis of
Vilnius, Lithuania; Bernard Agre of Abidjan, Ivory Coast; Louis-Marie Bille
of Lyon, France; Severino Poletti of Turin, Italy; Cormac Murphy-O’Connor
of Westminster, Britain; and Archbishop Major Varkey Vithayathil of the
Siro-Malabaresi of India.
Among the new cardinals of the Roman Curia
are archbishop Giovanni Battista Re, prefect of the Congregation for
Bishops (Italian); archbishop François Xavier Nguyên Van Thuân, president of
the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace (Vietnamese); Archbishop Agostino
Cacciavillan, president of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See (Italian);
and Monsignor Sergio Sebastiani, president of the Prefecture of the
Holy See’s Economic Affairs (Italian).
Also receiving a cardinal’s hat
are a number of archbishops of the Roman Curia, including
Archbishop Zenon Grocholewski, prefect of the Congregation for Catholic Education
(Polish); Archbishop Crescenzio Sepe, secretary-general of the Committee of the
Great Jubilee of the Year 2000 (Italian); Patriarch Ignace Moussa
I Daoud, prefect of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches
(Syrian); Archbishop Mario Francesco Pompedda, prefect of the Supreme Tribunal
of the Apostolic See (Italian); and Bishop Emeritus Walter Kasper
of Rottenburg-Stuttgart, secretary of the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian
Unity (German).
"The new cardinals come from various parts of the
world," the Pope said when presenting the list. "The universality
of the Church is reflected in their ranks by the
multiplicity of their ministries. Along with prelates honored for service
rendered the Holy See, there are pastors who spend their
energies in direct contact with the faithful."
John Paul II also
disclosed that he will "soon announce" the names of the
two cardinals that he named secretly in the 1998 consistory
for reasons of pastoral prudence.
VATICAN
CITY, JAN. 21, 2001 (ZENIT.org).- After John Paul
II’s announcement today, the College of Cardinals will have a
record number potential electors of a pope in the event
of a conclave.
John Paul II announced 37 new cardinals, which
would bring the number of potential electors to 128. When
the Pontiff creates the new cardinals Feb. 21, he will
exceed by eight the limit of 120 elector cardinals established
by Paul VI, a fact confirmed by John Paul II
himself. But that situation won’t last for long, since a
number of cardinals will be 80 years old within the
next few months.
The new cardinals named today by John
Paul II include 7 Italians (one non-elector) 3 Americans (one
non-elector), 2 Portuguese, 2 Argentines, 2 Brazilians, 2 Indians, 2
French (one non-elector), 2 Germans (one non-elector).
The rest of the
countries represented among the new cardinals with just one member
are Spain, Ecuador, Colombia, Peru, Chile, Honduras, Venezuela, Vietnam, Poland,
Syria, Ireland, Lithuania, Ivory Coast, Great Britain and Egypt (the
latter is non-elector).
With the new consistory, the Church will
have 178 cardinals, in addition to "two in pectore," whose
names have not yet been revealed by John Paul II;
128 will be electors in an possible conclave. Fifty will
be 80 years old, including Cardinal Antonio Javierre whose birthday
is on that date.
Of the total of cardinals, one
was created by John XXIII, 23 by Paul VI, and
154 by John Paul II (in addition to the two
"in pectore").
The oldest cardinals are Corrado Bafile (born 1903),
Franz Koening (1905) and Giuseppe Maria Sensi (1907). The youngest
are Vinko Puljic (1945), Christoph Schoenborn (1945) and Crescenzio Sepe
(1944).
During the 20th century, 583 ecclesiastics from 79 countries
entered the College of Cardinals. Since the 12th century, when
the Popes stabilized the college, there have been a total
of about 3,000 cardinals.
The youngest cardinal of the 20th century
was Archbishop Leone de Skrebensky of Prague (created at the
age of 38 years and 4 days), followed by Secretary
of State Rafael Merry del Val (38 years and 29
days). The oldest cardinal of the last century at the
time of his naming was Albanian Mikel Koliqi (92 years),
followed by Jesuit theologian Ives Congar (91).
Among 20th-century cardinals,
three are venerated as blessed: Archbishops Ildefonso Schuster of Milan,
Italy; Marcelo Spinola y Maestre of Seville, Spain; and Alojzije
Stepinac of Zagreb.
At least 12 cardinals of the 20th
century have causes of beatification under way, including Josef Beran,
Emile Biayenda, Terence Cooke, Elia dalla Costa, Rafael Merry del
Val, Clemens August von Galen, Angel Herrera y Oria, August
Hlond, Jozsef Mindszenty, Carlo Raffaello Rossi, Joseph Slipy and Stefan
Wyszynski.
The last lay cardinal was named by Pius IX
in 1858. He was a Roman jurist named Teodolfo Mertel,
author of the Statute of the Pontifical State. Now, in
order to be named a cardinal, the person must be
at least a priest. John XXIII established that cardinals should
be bishops; therefore, following their nomination, the priests on the
list will be consecrated bishops.
Cardinals are named "in pectore,"
secretly, for reasons of prudence. In 1976, for example, Paul
VI considered Cardinal Tomasek of Prague "in pectore," because of
the political situation in what was then Czechoslovakia, under the
Communist regime. In 1979, John Paul II created Chinese Cardinal
Kung Pin-Mei "in pectore." He revealed his name in 1991.
Information
on the College of Cardinals up to today can be
consulted on http://www.catholic-pages.com/hierarchy/cardinals_list.asp
VATICAN
CITY, JAN. 21, 2001 (ZENIT.org).-
John Paul II disclosed
today the new cardinals he will create in a consistory
Feb. 21. Here is the complete list of new cardinals.
1. Archbishop Giovanni Battista Re, prefect of Congregation for Bishops.
2.
Archbishop François Xavier Nguyên Van Thuân, president of the Pontifical
Council for Justice and Peace.
3. Archbishop Agostino Cacciavillan, president of
the Administration of the Patrimony of the Holy See.
4. Archbishop
Sergio Sebastiani, president of the Prefecture of the Holy See’s
Economic Affairs.
5. Archbishop Zenon Grocholewski, prefect of the Congregation for
Catholic Education.
6. Archbishop José Saraiva Martins, prefect of the Congregation
for the Causes of Saints.
7. Archbishop Crescenzio Sepe, secretary-general of
the Great Jubilee Committee.
8. Archbishop Jorge María Mejía, archivist and
librarian of the Holy Roman Church.
9. Patriarch Ignace Moussa I
Daoud, prefect of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches
10. Archbishop
Mario Francesco Pompedda, prefect of the Supreme Tribunal.
11. Walter Kasper,
emeritus bishop of Rottenburg-Stuttgart, secretary of the Pontifical Council for
the Promotion of Christian Unity.
12. Archbishop Antonio José González Zumárraga
of Quito, Ecuador.
13. Archbishop Ivan Dias of Bombay, India.
14. Archbishop
Geraldo Majella Agnelo of São Salvador da Bahia, Brazil.
15. Archbishop
Pedro Rubiano Saenz of Bogota, Colombia.
16. Archbishop Theodore E. McCarrick
of Washington, D.C.
17. Archbishop Desmond Connell of Dublin, Ireland.
18. Archbishop
Audrys Juozas Backis of Vilnius, Lithuania.
19. Archbishop Francisco Javier Errázuriz
Ossa of Santiago, Chile.
20. Archbishop Oscar Andrés Rodríguez Madariaga of
Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
21. Archbishop Bernard Agre of Abidjan, Ivory Coast.
22. Archbishop
Louis-Marie Bille of Lyon, France.
23. Archbishop Ignacio Antonio Velasco García
of Caracas, Venezuela.
24. Archbishop Juan Luis Cipriani Thorne of Lima,
Peru.
25. Archbishop Francisco Alvarez Martínez of Toledo, Spain.
26. Archbishop Claudio
Hummes of São Paulo, Brazil.
27. Varkey Vithayathil, archbishop major of
Ernakulam-Angemaly of the Siro-Malabaresi, India.
28. Archbishop Jorge Mario Bergoglio of
Buenos Aires, Argentina.
29. Monsignor José da Cruz Policarpo, patriarch of
Lisbon, Portugal.
30. Archbishop Severino Poletto of Turin, Italy.
31. Archbishop Cormac
Murphy-O’Connor of Westminster, Britain.
32. Archbishop Edward Michael Egan of New
York.
33. Stephanos II Ghattas, patriarch of Alexandria of the Copts.
34.
Jean Honore, archbishop emeritus of Tours, France.
35. Father Roberto Tucci,
Vatican Radio official.
36. Monsignor Leo Scheffczyk, a theologian from archdioceses
of Munich and Feising in Germany.
37. Father Avery Dulles, theologian,
professor at Fordham University, New York City.
